CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Basic Consideration

Morphology is a branch of linguistics that studies of word formation or the structure of word. According to Caterina Donati (2008), morphology is the field of linguistics that studies the internal structure of words. Another expert, Crystal (1993: 225) said that morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of the morpheme construct. So we can say that morphology is concerned with the forms of words or how words are constructed in different uses and construction.

In Morphology, there is a word formation process. In word formation process, there are some kinds of processes such as coinage, acronym, blending, clipping, borrowing, back formation, compounding, reduplication, suppletion, conversion, and multiple processes. Indonesian language has some words which are derived from borrowing process. This research will focus on borrowing process of Indonesian words from English words.

1.2 Research Questions

What is borrowing?

How is borrowing process of Indonesian words from English words?

1.3 The Aims

To explain what borrowing is.

To identify borrowing or loan words in Indonesian.

1.4 The Benefits

I know about borrowing.

I know about the borrowing or loan words in Indonesian.

 

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL BASED

2.1 Borrowing Process

According to Crystal (1993), borrowing is a term used in comparative and historical linguistics forms being taken over by one language or dialect from another. It is also called “loan words”.

Borrowing is a process of taking a word from one language and integrating it into another or the process of taking over the words either in their original or moderated from other languages and incorporating them in another language. It may also be referred to as adapting the borrowing language’s phonological system to varying degrees into another language.

According to Osoba (2004: 237), borrowing may be seen as the most important source of new words in English. Although it is a fact that the core of English vocabulary or lexicon-function words, stereotypes, concepts and realities – is still mostly native, we can infer that greater part of its present – day vocabulary is made up of borrowed words.

 

Chapter III

Methodology

3.1 Methodology

I used quantitative methodology in this research. It is because this research shows the result of the loan or borrowing words by collecting some data from dictionary and news paper.

3.2 Source data

The sources of the data in this research are LIPI dictionary (Kamus Kata Serapan) and a news paper, Gorontalo Post. On Gorontalo Post, I choose the articles on June 5th 2013, I also use some references such as e-book, internet article to help me accomplishing this research.

3.3 Technique of Data Collection

My technique of data collection that I used in this study is taking note. In taking note, I wrote down every single loan or borrowing word that I have found in news paper and compared them with the borrowing words from dictionary.

 

CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Result

Indonesian language has lots of loan or borrowing words used in verbal and written communication. Those words are used in formal and informal situation also. Actually, I myself and also you always use the loan or borrowing words when we were communicating with someone else or when we were writing, accomplishing the assignment and research project, etc.

This research will explain you about the loan words in Indonesian language that I have been found from LIPI Dictionary and collect from Gorontalo Post, June 5th, 2013 edition.

The Loan or Borrowing Words from Gorontalo Post, June 5th, 2013 edition.

I found many words in Indonesia language which are derived from English word on this newspaper.

The loan words on the page 1:

ü Informasi → information1

ü Televisi → television1

ü Kontraktor → contarctor2

ü Korupsi → corruption2-3

ü Komisi → commision4

ü Protes → protest5

ü Kongres → congres6

ü Skuad → scuad7

ü Kompetisi → competition8

ü Divisi→ division8

ü Grup → group8

ü Skor → score8

ü Suporter → supporter9

ü Fanatik → fanatic9

ü Agresif → aggressive10

ü Strategi → strategy11

Those words are derived from English words. Word “kompetisi” on the newspaper is borrowed from word “competition” in English. Word “strategi” is borrowed from word “strategy” in English. This borrowing process also happens to other words above.

The loan words on page 2:

ü Fraksi → fraction12

ü Subsidi → subsidy13

ü Kondisi → condition14

ü Asosiasi → association15

ü Proses → process16

ü Tender → tender16

ü Biro → bureau17

ü Logistik → logistic17

ü Spesifikasi → specification18

ü Karton → carton18

ü Plastik → plastic18

ü Negosiasi → negotiation19-20

ü Teknik → technique20

ü Implementasi → implementation21

ü Industri → industry22-23

ü Dominan → dominant23

ü Konsumen → consumer24

ü Produk → product24

ü Kualitas → quality25

ü Indikator → indicator26

ü Statistik → statistic26-27

ü Akurasi → accuracy27

ü Validasi → validation27

ü Data → data27

ü Metode → method27

ü Sinkronisasi → synchronization28

ü Komoditi → commodity28

Those words above are also derived by using the borrowing process. Word “statistik” is derived from English word “statistic”. Word “spesifikasi” is derived from word English word “specification”. It also happens to other words above.

The loan words on page 3:

ü Komunikasi → communication29

ü Eselon → echelon30

ü Komitment → commitment31

ü Efektif → effective31

ü Efisien → efficient31

ü Fokus → focus32

ü Evaluasi → evaluation32

ü Administrasi → administration32

ü Inspektorat → inspectorate33

ü Tim → team33

ü Obsesi → obsession34

ü Staf → staff35

ü Spesial → special36

ü Maestro → maestro36

ü Hotel → hotel37

ü Reservasi → reservation38

Those words are loan words. Word “inspektorat” is derived from English word “inspectorate”. Word “fokus” is derived from English word, too, “focus”. It also happens to other words above.

The loan words on page 4:

ü Publik → public39

ü Interaktif → interactive39

ü Program → program40

ü Infeksi → infection41

ü Bakteri → bacteria41

ü Organ → organ42

ü Konsultasi → consultation43

ü Dokter → doctor43

ü Fisik → physique43

ü Foto → photo43

ü Laboratorium → laboratory44

ü Sampel → sample44

ü Kompeten →competent45

The word “organ” is derived from English word “organ” that there is no any changing later likes “doctor”. On the other hand, other word “fisik” have any changing later even the pronunciation does not much different from English, “physique”..

The loan words on page 5:

ü Ekosistem → ecosystem46

ü Kondisi → condition47

ü Lokal → local47

ü Konservasi → conservation47

ü Formal → formal48

ü Sosial → social49

ü Ekonomi → economy49

ü Alternatif → alternative50

ü Identifikasi → identification51

ü Adobsi → adobtion51

ü Mekanisme → mechanism51, 54

ü Integrasi → integration52

ü Objek → object53

ü Target → target53

ü Ideal → ideal54

ü Mutualisme → mutualism55

ü Model → model56

ü Konsep → concept57

ü Faktor → factor57

ü Aktifitas → activity58

ü Intervensi → intervention58

ü Poisitif → positive59

ü Negatif → negative59

ü Responsif → responsive60

ü Prioritas → priority60

ü Aksi → action60

ü Implementasi → implementation60

ü Integritas → integrity60

ü Manajer → manager61

ü Sektor → sector62

ü Promosi → promotion63

ü Atraksi → attraction63

ü Partisipasi → participation64

ü Aktif → active64

ü Kontribusi → contribution65

Those words above are loan words which are derived from English words. “mutualisme” is derived from word “mutualism”. It is similar with “makanisme” and “mechanism”. “Promosi” is also derived from word “promotion” that similar with “partisipasi” from “participation”. Borrowing process happens in all of those words above.

 

4.2 Data

In this part of my research, I write the sentences in the newspapers which contain the loan words that I explained.

1. Gorontalo Post,”….itu terkait dengan posisinya sebagai pembawa acara informasi lalu lintas di salah satu televisi swasta…”

2. Gorontalo Post,”….empat kontraktor bandara didakwa korupsi Rp 6,5 M….”

3. Gorontalo Post,”….akhirnya duduk di kursi pesakitan Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Tipikor) Gorontalo…”

4. Gorontalo Post,”….10 besar calon anggota Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) Bone Bolango menuai sorotan…”

5. Gorontalo Post,”….Delapan partai politik peserta pemilu 2014 di Bone Bolango menyatakan protes atas penetapan sepuluh besar calon anggota KPU…”

6. Gorontalo Post,”….pemerintahan Negeri Gajah Putih itu menyampaikan pidato di deppan 1.500 peserta kongres…”

7. Gorontalo Post,”….Meski tampil dihadapan pendukungnya sendiri, skuad Persigo cukup kesulitan…”

8. Gorontalo Post,”….Pertandingan lanjutan kompetisi Divisi Utama putaran kedua grup IV tersebut akhirnya berakhir dengan skor ttipis 1-0 untuk taun rumah…”

9. Gorontalo Post,”….Bermain tanpa para suporter fanatiknya,…”

10. Gorontalo Post,”….Laskar Lahilote (julukanPersigo) cukup agresif sejak peluit pertanda…”

11. Gorontalo Post,”….para punggawa muda Persigo langsung menyusun strategi dan membangun serangan…”

12. Gorontalo Post,”….PKS Gorontalo meminta Fraksi PKS di DPR RI untuk menolak kenaikan harga…”

13. Gorontalo Post,”….karena membengkaknya beban subsidi di Anggaran Pendapata dan Belanja Negara (APBN)…”

14. Gorontalo Post,”….alasan tersebut berbeda dengan kondisi …”

15. Gorontalo Post,”….itu berbeda dengan hasil perhitungan DPR dan asosiasi perminyakan…”

16. Gorontalo Post,”….KPUakan segera membuka proses tender pengadaan…”

17. Gorontalo Post,”…. Biro logistik merencanakan Juli mendatang pengadaan di provinsi Gorontalo sudah mulai dilakukan…”

18. Gorontalo Post,”….soal penggantian spesifikasi kotak dan bilik dengan bahan karton dan plastik…”

19. Gorontalo Post,”….untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah yang muncul, salah satunya dengan melakukan negosiasi…”

20. Gorontalo Post,”….untuk memberikan pengetahunan/pemahaman pada peserta tentang teknik negosiasi…”

21. Gorontalo Post,”….serta dapat diimplementasikan di lingkungan kerja masing-masing…”

22. Gorontalo Post,”…perkembangan industri dewasa ini meningkat dengan sangat cepat...”

23. Gorontalo Post,”….Tantangan yang paling dominan bagi industry pangan…”

24. Gorontalo Post,”….kemampuan untuk memberikan jaminan kepada konsumen bahwa produk pangan yang akan mereka konsumsi bermutu dan aman…”

25. Gorontalo Post,”….hal itu terkait dengan keamanan pangan, kualitas dan persyaratan hukum…”

26. Gorontalo Post,”….salahsatu indikator kinerja pembangunan pertanian adalah menggunakan data statistic pertanian dari data luas tanam…”

27. Gorontalo Post,”….Dalam rangka meningkatkan akurasi dan validasi data statistik pertanian ini, maka harus menggunakan metode pengumpulan data yang sama dan tepat…”

28. Gorontalo Post,”….tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah sinkronisasi data luas tanam dan luas panen komoditi padi palawija…”

29. Gorontalo Post, ”Komunikasi Bisnis” (a title)

30. Gorontalo Post,”….Kakan Kemenag Bonbol Fardin Ali serta beberapa pejabat eselon III di lingkungan Kanwil Kemenag Pronvinsi Gorontalo…”

31. Gorontalo Post,”….setiap pengelola anggaran kegiatan baik Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (KPA) maupun Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen (PPK) harus senanriasa berpegang pada prinsip pelaksanaan anggaran yang efektif, efisien dan tidak mewah…”

32. Gorontalo Post,”….Sebab kedepan indicator pemeriksaan anggaran tidak hanya terfokus pada evaluasi administrasi capaian umum…”

33. Gorontalo Post,”….Inspektorat Jemdral atau tim pemeriksa lainnya akan melihat dan memeriksa apakah anggaran tersebut sudah tepat penggunaannya…”

34. Gorontalo Post,”….Saya terobsesi, waktu 14 hari pemeriksaan Itjen, cukup dipersingkat 10 hari saja…”

35. Gorontalo Post,”….dari tanggal 3 s/d 5 Juni itu diikuti 80 peserta yang terdiri dari KPA, KPP dan staf pelaksana di setiap Satker jajaran Kanwil Kemenag Gorontalo…”

36. Gorontalo Post,”….Q Corn Pub & Lounge akan disuguhi penampilan-penampilan special dari DJ-DJ papan atas Indonesia.., maestro Hiphop/RnB Indonesia DJ Goeslan pada tanggal 11 Juni…”

37. Gorontalo Post,”….Ujar Deddy S. Thalib selaku General Manager Quality Hotel …”

38. Gorontalo Post,”…. Informasi atau reservasi silahkan menghubungi 0435-822222…”

39. Gorontalo Post, ”Publik Interaktif ” (a title)

40. Gorontalo Post, ”Program Pendidikan Harus Tepat Sasaran” (a title)

41. Gorontalo Post,”….Penyakit TBC adalah suatu penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mikrobakterium tuberkulosa…”

42. Gorontalo Post,”….TBC dapat menginfeksi hampir seluruh organ tubuh seperti: paru-paru, otak, ginjal, dan lain-lain...”

43. Gorontalo Post,”….maka sebaiknya konsultasi dengan dokter untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik, kemungkinan dokter akan menyarankan pemeriksaan foto thorax…”

44. Gorontalo Post,”….Untuk pemeriksaan laboratorium dapat dilakukan dari sampel darah dan sputum (dahak)…”

45. Gorontalo Post,”…Persoalan itu akan diteruskan kepada pihak yang berkompeten …”

46. Gorontalo Post,”….ekowisata bahari adalah ekosistem terumbu karang dan mangrove yang terdapat di Utara maupun Selatan pesisir Gorontalo…”

47. Gorontalo Post,”….Kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang yangamsih baik in tidak lepas dari upaya masyarakat lokal dan Pemerintah Daerah baik Kabupaten maupun Provinsi untuk senantiasa memberikan dukunagan terhadap upaya-upaya konservasi…”

48. Gorontalo Post,”….Upaya formal untuk membentuk DPL di wilayah perairan Provinsi Gorntalo sudah mulai sejak sekitar tahun 2005 …”

49. Gorontalo Post,”….Tujuan sosial ekonomi yaitu untuk menjaga fungsi sosial ekonomi masyarakat sebagai pendorong berkembangnya kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat yang berkelanjutan...”

50. Gorontalo Post,”….sehingga dapat dijadikan mata pencaharian alternatif dan meningkatkan kesejahtraan masyarakat setempat…”

51. Gorontalo Post,”….Walaupun DPL diidentifikasi dan diadopsi secara luas sebagai salah satu mekanisme yang paling efektif untuk melestarikan dan menyelamatkan ekosistem…”

52. Gorontalo Post,”….belum ditentukan adanya model untuk mengintegritaskan pengembangan ekowisata secara berkelanjutan…”

53. Gorontalo Post,”….potensi keindahan terumbu karang dan mangrovenya hanya menawarkan objek ‘apa adanya’ dalam arti hampir tampa kemasan dan juga tampa target pasar yang jelas. …”

54. Gorontalo Post,”…. Idealnyaterdapat juga aliran mekanisme yang dinamis antara pengembangan ekowisata di kawasan DPL dan peningkatan pengelolaan DPL itu sendiri …”

55. Gorontalo Post,”….Sehingga terjadi hubungann simbiosis mutualisme atau yang saling mnguntungkan…”

56. Gorontalo Post,”….Pendekatan Model Pengelolaan …” (a title)

57. Gorontalo Post,”….Konsep ini tidak hanya mengedepankan faktor pertumbuhan ekonomi saja, namun kelestarian SDA juga…”

58. Gorontalo Post,”….Apakah terdapat aktivitas tertentu, intervensi dan kegiatan ekowisata yang sudah dilaksanakan di kawasan DPL yang mampu mencapai tujaun yang telah ditetapkan?…”

59. Gorontalo Post,”….Apakah kegiatan ekowisata yang telah dilaksanakan mempunyai dampak positif atau justru negatif terhadap tujuan pembentukan DPL?…”

60. Gorontalo Post,”….Sebagai sebuah model, akan memberikan dasar bagi kebijakan dan strategi yang responsive dan prioritas dalam Rencana Aksi (Action Plan) pengembangan ekowisata yang berkelanjutan dan terimplementasi serta terintegrasi ke dalam Rencana Pengelolaan…”

61. Gorontalo Post,”….Bagi para manajer danpengelola DPL di daerah yang ingin menggunakan dan mengimplementasikan model ini untuk meningkatkan kinerja…”

62. Gorontalo Post,”….Bagii para pengusaha swasta di sektor pariwisata dapat menggunakan model ini sebagai informasi awal untuk menetapkan strategi…”

63. Gorontalo Post,”….Wakil direktur RSAS Kota Gorontalo Dr. Medi Sarita mengatakan, sesuai dengan informasi yang diterimanya dari mempromosikan atraksi wisata di kawasan DPL secara efektif dan berkelanjutan…”

64. Gorontalo Post,”….Bagi masyarakat local yang berada di sekitar DPL yang dijadikan kawasan pengembangan ekowisata dapat menggunakan model ini sebagai salah satu pertimbangan dalam meningkatkan partisipasi aktif pengembangan ekowisata…”

65. Gorontalo Post,”….di sisi lain kegiatan ekowisata belum dapat memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap pengelolaan DPL secara keseluruhan…”

From all sentences above, we can see how the loan or borrowing words are used in newspaper. Those sentences are quoted from articles on Gorontalo Post, June 5th, 2013 edition, which have loan or borrowing word in every single sentence.

 

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

Borrowing is a process of taking a word from one language and integrating it into another or the process of taking over the words either in their original or moderated from other languages and incorporating them in another language. Almost every country or every language has borrowing or loan word; especially in my case research, Indonesian language. There are some words which are derived from English words by using borrowing process. These words are called “loan words”. In newspaper, we can find many loan words in almost every page. Moreover, those loan words are even used in daily life conversation. Therefore, we as the second learners of English language should know and understand the original of loan words for avoiding the misunderstanding in communication.

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Salvationpress.net, 2012. Borrowing and Word Formation in A Language, access on June 7th

           2013, 04.36. p.m. Retrieved from: (http://salvationpress.net/essays/english/Borrowing-

            and-Word-Formation-in-a-Language.htm)

Indonesia.com. Kata Serapan Bahasa Inggris, access on June 8th 2013, 05.14. p.m. Retrieved

            from: (http://indonesiaindonesia.com/f/112848-kata-serapan-bahasa-inggris-indonesia/)

Ruf.rice.edu. Major Period of Borrowing, access on June 7th 2012, 10 a.m. Retrieved from:

            (http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/structure/borrowed.html)

Gorontalo Post, June 5th, 2013 edition.