Syntax SQL

• ü       Pengertian Syntax SQL

Pada dasarnya, syntaks adalah aturan yang tanda digabungkan untuk membuat pernyataan. Jika Anda menganggap kata-kata dari bahasa menjadi tanda-tanda, maka syntaks adalah aturan yang menempatkan tanda-tanda sama untuk membuat pernyataan, mengajukan pertanyaan, dan menghasilkan ucapan-ucapan lainnya.

• ü   Contoh Syntax SQL

CREATE TABLE Pelajar (
No_Induk CHAR(8),
Nama CHAR(20),
Tgl_Lahir DATE,
Kelas CHAR(2)
);
CREATE TABLE Mata_Pelajaran(
Kode CHAR(4),
Nama CHAR(20),
Kelas CHAR(2)
);
CREATE TABLE Nilai(
No_Induk CHAR(8),
Kode CHAR(4),
Nl_Angka Number
);

• ü   Macam-macam join SQL
• 1Inner Join

The INNER JOIN keyword returns rows when there is at least one match in both tables.

SQL INNER JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
INNER JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

PS: INNER JOIN is the same as JOIN.

SQL INNER JOIN Example

The "Persons" table:

The "Orders" table:

Now we want to list all the persons with any orders. We use the following SELECT statement:

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id=Orders.P_Id
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

The result-set will look like this:

Left Join

The LEFT JOIN keyword returns all rows from the left table (table_name1), even if there are no matches in the right table (table_name2).

SQL LEFT JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name1
LEFT JOIN table_name2
ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name

PS: In some databases LEFT JOIN is called LEFT OUTER JOIN

SQL LEFT JOIN Example

The "Persons" table:

The "Orders" table:

Now we want to list all the persons and their orders - if any, from the tables above.

We use the following SELECT statement:

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
LEFT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id=Orders.P_Id
ORDER BY Persons.LastName

The result-set will look like this: