RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN

19 May 2015 12:07:09 Dibaca : 2282

RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
KELAS VII SEMESTER I
KD 1.1, 2.1, 3.2, 4.2

DISUSUN OLEH:
1. DWI NOVITASSARI BARUWADI - 321 413 029
2. FAISAL SALEH - 321 413 115
3. MUHAMMAD REZKO S TONTOIYO - 321 413 075
4. NOVITYA FEBRIYANTY NANI - 321 413 162
5. WIWIN PASISINGI - 321 413 014

JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
FAKULTAS SASTRA DAN BUDAYA
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI GORONTALO
2015
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
(RPP)

Satuan Pendidikan : SMP
Kelas/Semester : VII/1
Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris
Topik : Introducing Myself
Pertemuan Ke- : 1
Alokasi Waktu : 2 x 40 menit

A. Kompetensi Inti
1. Menghargai dan menghayati ajaran agama yang dianutnya.
2. Menghargai dan menghayati perilaku jujur, didplin, tanggung jawab, peduli (toleransi, gotong royong), santun, percaya diri, dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam dalam jangkauan pergaulan dan keberadaannya.
3. Memahami pengetahuan (factual, konseptual, dan procedural) berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya terkait fenomena dan kejadian tampak mata.
4. Mencoba, mengola dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret (menggunakan, mengurai, merangkai,memodifikasi dan membuat) dan ranh abstrak (menulis,membaca, menghitung, menggambar dan mengarang) sesuai dengan yang dipelajari disekolah dan sumber lain yang sama dalam sudut pandang/teori
B. Kompetensi Dasar
1.1 Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar
2.1 Menunjukkan perilaku jujur dan percaya diri dalam berkomunikasi dengan lingkungan sosial sekitar rumah dan sekolah
3.2 Memahami fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan pada ungkapan perkenalan diri, serta responnya, sesuai dengan konteks penggunannya.
4.2 Menyusun teks lisan dan tulisan sederhana untuk menyatakan, menanyakan, dan merespon perkenalan diri, dengan sangat pendek dan sederhana, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan umsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks

C. Indikator Pembelajaran

1. Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar.
2. Menunjukan perilaku santun dan peduli dalam melaksanakan komunikasi internasional dengan guru dan teman.
3. Mengidentifikasi kosakata atau ungkapan yang digunakan untuk memperkenalkan diri dalam bahasa Inggris (Introduction) secara individual dan kelompok sesuai topik introduction my self.
4. Melengkapi ungkapan perkenalan diri yang tersedia dalam bentuk bubble dengan memperhatikan kosakata berdasarkan topik introduction my self.
5. Mempraktekan cara memperkenalkan diri secara benar sesuai topik introduction my self dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan.

D. Materi Pembelajaran

• Fungsi sosial :
Memperkenalkan diri untuk menjalin hubungan interpersonal dengan guru dan teman.

• Struktur teks :
Myname is …, I’m …, I live in … ,What’s your name?, Where do you come from?

• Unsur kebahasaan :
 Kosa kata : name, old, live, favorite, spell
 Tata bahasa : to be (is , am , are)
 kata ganti : I, he, she, they
 kata ganti kepunyaan : my, your,his, their
 ucapan
 tekanan kata
 intonasi.

E. Kegiatan Pembelajaran
1. Pendahuluan (5 menit)
1. Salam
2. Doa
3. Mengecek kehadiran
4. Apersepsi
5. Menyampaikan KD dan bentuk-bentuk kegiatan yang akan dilakukan didalam kelas.
2. Kegiatan inti
1. Mengamati :
• Peserta didik memperhatikan pemodelan tentang perkenalan yang dimodelkan langsung oleh guru
2. Menanyakan :
• Guru memberikan pertanyaan kepada siswa menyangkut pemodelan dari perkenalan diri (name, adress, religion, etc)
• Peserta menjawab beberapa pertanyaan yang ditanyakan oleh guru
• Peserta didik saling bertanya yang berkaitan dengan topik dengan bimbingan guru
3. Mengumpulkan informasi :
• Pesera didik mencermati dan mencatat penjelasan guru tentang konsep-konsep (yang berkaitan dengan topik introducing myself)
• Mengidentifikasi kosakata yang digunakan untuk memperkenalkan diri dalam bahasa Inggris (Introduction) secara individual dan kelompok sesuai topik introducing myself.
• Melengkapi ungkapan perkenalan diri yang tersedia dalam bentu bubble dengan memperhatikan kosakata berdasarkan topik introducing myself.
4. Mengasosiasi
• Menyusun percakapan tentang perkenalan diri secara benar kemudian mendemonstrasikan.
5. Mengkomunikasikan
• Peserta didik melaksanakan diskusi tentang tugas.
• Melaporkan atau menyapaikan tentang hasil pekerjaannya kepada guru atau teman.
• Sesama teman atau guru memberikan umpan balik hasil pekerjaan.

3. Penutup
1. Melaksanakan refleksi pembelajaran
2. Peserta didik bersama guru menyimpulkan pembelajaran tentang topik introducing myself.
3. Melaksanakan remedial dan pengayaan (tugas rumah).
4. Menutup pembelajaran dengan berdoa

F. Penilaian

1. Penilaian sikap
Indikator pencapaian pembelajaran Bentuk penilaian observasi Teknik penilaian Instrumen/soal
Melakukan perilaku santun dan peduli dalam melaksanakan komunikasi internasional dengan guru dan teman.
Observasi Lembar observasi Terlampir

2. Penilaian pengetahuan
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi Bentuk Penilaian Jenis Instrumen Instrumen/Soal
1. Mengidentifikasi kosa kata yang terkait dengan topik pemaparan jati diri secara individual dengan memperhatikan unsur kebahasaan

2. Melengkapi ungkapan perkenalan diri yang tersedia dalam bentuk bubble dengan memperhatikan kosakata berdasarkan topik introduction my self. Lisan

Tulisan Short answer, dan performance.

Various Answer • Listen to your teacher and repeat after him/her
• Please practice with your classmates using the expressions below

Let me introduce myself use the clues below

3. Penilaian keterampilan
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi Bentuk Penilaian Jenis Instrumen Instrumen/Soal
Mempraktekkan cara memeperkenalkan diri secara benar sesuai topic introducing myself dengan memperhatikan fungsi social, struktur teks, danunsur kebahasaan. Lisan Performance Now, please introduce yourself in front of the class.

G. Media/alat, Sumber belajar :
Media : Gambar, lembar kerja siswa, power point, video
Alat : pulpen, spidol, pensil, karton, laptop
Sumber belajar : laboratorium, buku, pemodelan,

MATERI PEMBELAJARAN
Kompetensi Inti
1. Menghargai dan menghayati ajaran agama yang dianutnya.
2. Menghargai dan menghayati perilaku jujur, didplin, tanggung jawab, peduli (toleransi, gotong royong), santun, percaya diri, dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam dalam jangkauan pergaulan dan keberadaannya.
3. Memahami pengetahuan (factual, konseptual, dan procedural) berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya terkait fenomena dan kejadian tampak mata.
4. Mencoba, mengola dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret (menggunakan, mengurai, merangkai,memodifikasi dan membuat) dan ranh abstrak (menulis,membaca, menghitung, menggambar dan mengarang) sesuai dengan yang dipelajari disekolah dan sumber lain yang sama dalam sudut pandang/teori
Kompetensi Dasar
1.1 Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar
2.2 Menunjukkan perilaku jujur dan percaya diri dalam berkomunikasi dengan lingkungan sosial sekitar rumah dan sekolah
3.2 Memahami fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan pada ungkapan perkenalan diri, serta responnya, sesuai dengan konteks penggunannya.
4.2 Menyusun teks lisan dan tulisan sederhana untuk menyatakan, menanyakan, dan merespon perkenalan diri, dengan sangat pendek dan sederhana, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan umsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks

Indikator Pembelajaran

1. Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar.
2. Menunjukan perilaku santun dan peduli dalam melaksanakan komunikasi internasional dengan guru dan teman.
3. Mengidentifikasi kosakata atau ungkapan yang digunakan untuk memperkenalkan diri dalam bahasa Inggris (Introduction) secara individual dan kelompok sesuai topik introduction myself.
4. Melengkapi ungkapan perkenalan diri yang tersedia dalam bentuk bubble dengan memperhatikan kosakata berdasarkan topik introduction myself.
5. Mempraktekan cara memperkenalkan diri secara benar sesuai topik introduction myself dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan.

Penyajian Materi
1. Memahami fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan pada ungkapan perkenalan diri.
Fungsi sosial : memperkenalkan diri untuk menjalin hubungan dengan guru dan teman.
Struktur teks :
Hello, what is your name? (guru, diikuti siswa)
My name is Eko
Where do you come from?
I come from Swiss
Unsur kebahasaan :
 Kosakata
 Tata bahasa : be (am, is, are)
Kata ganti : I, she, they, you, it, he
Kata ganti kepunyaan : my, her, your, his, their, our
2. Mengidentifikasi kosakata dalam memperkenalkan diri.
Model A
Hello, my name is Edo.
I am twelve years old.
I am a student of SMP Negeri 2 Biak.
I live in Biak, Papua.
I like swimming and reading books.
My favorite collor is green.
My favorite food is fried rice.
Nice to met you.

Model B
Video Introduce Yourself – Easy English Conversation Practice – ESP
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQyEabEcX9Q

Woman A : Hello! My name is Nancy
What’s your name?
Woman B : Hello! I’m a teacher.
What do you do?
Man A : Hello! I like golfing.
What do you like doing?
Woman C : Hello! I enjoy meeting new people.
Do like meeting new people?
Man B : Hello! I like reading books.
What kind of books do you like?
Man C : Hello! I’m a clown in my free-time.
What do you do in your free time?

Model C

Model D

Referensi :
• Buku Siswa Bahasa Inggris, When English Rings a Bell SMP/MTS kelas VII
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQyEabEcX9Q
• Kreasi sendiri

LEMBAR KERJA SISWA
Kompetensi Inti
1. Menghargai dan menghayati ajaran agama yang dianutnya.
2. Menghargai dan menghayati perilaku jujur, didplin, tanggung jawab, peduli (toleransi, gotong royong), santun, percaya diri, dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam dalam jangkauan pergaulan dan keberadaannya.
3. Memahami pengetahuan (factual, konseptual, dan procedural) berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya terkait fenomena dan kejadian tampak mata.
4. Mencoba, mengola dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret (menggunakan, mengurai, merangkai,memodifikasi dan membuat) dan ranh abstrak (menulis,membaca, menghitung, menggambar dan mengarang) sesuai dengan yang dipelajari disekolah dan sumber lain yang sama dalam sudut pandang/teori
Kompetensi Dasar
1.1 Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar
2.3 Menunjukkan perilaku jujur dan percaya diri dalam berkomunikasi dengan lingkungan sosial sekitar rumah dan sekolah
3.2 Memahami fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan pada ungkapan perkenalan diri, serta responnya, sesuai dengan konteks penggunannya.
4.2 Menyusun teks lisan dan tulisan sederhana untuk menyatakan, menanyakan, dan merespon perkenalan diri, dengan sangat pendek dan sederhana, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan umsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks

Indikator Pembelajaran

1. Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar.
2. Menunjukan perilaku santun dan peduli dalam melaksanakan komunikasi internasional dengan guru dan teman.
3. Mengidentifikasi kosakata atau ungkapan yang digunakan untuk memperkenalkan diri dalam bahasa Inggris (Introduction) secara individual dan kelompok sesuai topik introducing myself.
4. Melengkapi ungkapan perkenalan diri yang tersedia dalam bentuk bubble dengan memperhatikan kosakata berdasarkan topik introducing myself.
5. Mempraktekan cara memperkenalkan diri secara benar sesuai topik introducing myself dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan.

Penyajian Utama
Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

Activity 4
Listen to your teacher reading the text and fill out the missing words/phrases!

Activity 5

Activity 6
Video Introduce Yourself – Easy English Conversation Practice – ESP
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQyEabEcX9Q

Activity 7

Activity 8

Kunci Jawaban
Activity 1 : listening and speaking form (repeat words)
Activity 2 : various answer
Activity 3 : group performance
Activity 4 : 1. last name
2. nickname
3. play the violin
4. older than
5. monk
6. housewife
7. favorite
8. subject
9. painting
10. best people
Activity 5 : various answer
Activity 6 : various answer based on performance
Activity 7 : pairs performance
Activity 8 : individual performance

Sumber:
Activity 1, 2, 3, 5 7 : When English Rings a Bell VII (Buku Siswa)
Activity 4 : Own creation
Activity 6 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQyEabEcX9Q
Activity 8 : Own creation

PENILAIAN
Kompetensi Inti
1. Menghargai dan menghayati ajaran agama yang dianutnya.
2. Menghargai dan menghayati perilaku jujur, didplin, tanggung jawab, peduli (toleransi, gotong royong), santun, percaya diri, dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam dalam jangkauan pergaulan dan keberadaannya.
3. Memahami pengetahuan (factual, konseptual, dan procedural) berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya terkait fenomena dan kejadian tampak mata.
4. Mencoba, mengola dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret (menggunakan, mengurai, merangkai,memodifikasi dan membuat) dan ranh abstrak (menulis,membaca, menghitung, menggambar dan mengarang) sesuai dengan yang dipelajari disekolah dan sumber lain yang sama dalam sudut pandang/teori
Kompetensi Dasar
1.1 Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar
2.4 Menunjukkan perilaku jujur dan percaya diri dalam berkomunikasi dengan lingkungan sosial sekitar rumah dan sekolah
3.2 Memahami fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan pada ungkapan perkenalan diri, serta responnya, sesuai dengan konteks penggunannya.
4.2 Menyusun teks lisan dan tulisan sederhana untuk menyatakan, menanyakan, dan merespon perkenalan diri, dengan sangat pendek dan sederhana, dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan umsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks

Indikator Pembelajaran

1. Mensyukuri kesempatan dapat mempelajari bahasa inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar komunikasi internasional yang diwujudkan dalam semangat belajar.
2. Menunjukan perilaku santun dan peduli dalam melaksanakan komunikasi internasional dengan guru dan teman.
3. Mengidentifikasi kosakata atau ungkapan yang digunakan untuk memperkenalkan diri dalam bahasa Inggris (Introduction) secara individual dan kelompok sesuai topik introducing myself.
4. Melengkapi ungkapan perkenalan diri yang tersedia dalam bentuk bubble dengan memperhatikan kosakata berdasarkan topik introducing myself.
5. Mempraktekan cara memperkenalkan diri secara benar sesuai topik introducing myself dengan memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan.

A. PENILAIAN
1. Penilaian Sikap
KI 2: Menghargai dan menghayati perilaku jujur, didplin, tanggung jawab, peduli (toleransi, gotong royong), santun, percaya diri, dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam dalam jangkauan pergaulan dan keberadaannya.

Kompetensi Dasar:
2.2 Menunjukkan perilaku jujur, disiplin, percaya diri, dan bertanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan komunikasi transaksional dengan guru dan teman.
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi Bentuk Penilaian Jenis Instrumen Instrumen/Soal
Melakukan perilaku santun dan peduli dalam melaksanakan komunikasi interpersonal dengan guru dan teman
Observasi Lembar pengamatan Terlampir

• Kriteria Penilaian Aspek Sikap
NO Butir Sikap Nilai
1. Jujur 5 = selalu
4 = sering
3 = kadang-kadang
2 = jarang
1 = tidak pernah
2. Berani 5 = selalu
4 = sering
3 = kadang-kadang
2 = jarang
1 = tidak pernah
3. Percaya diri 5 = selalu
4 = sering
3 = kadang-kadang
2 = jarang
1 = tidak pernah
4. Berkomunikasi dengan baik 5 = selalu
4 = sering
3 = kadang-kadang
2 = jarang
1 = tidak pernah
5. Kerja sama 5 = selalu
4 = sering
3 = kadang-kadang
2 = jarang
1 = tidak pernah
6. Peduli sosial 5 = selalu
4 = sering
3 = kadang-kadang
2 = jarang
1 = tidak pernah

• Rubrik penilaian:
No Nama Item Penilaian
Jujur Berani Percaya Diri Berkomunikasi dengan Baik Kerja Sama Peduli Sosial

• Pedoman Penilaian

Skor perolehan
Nilai siswa = x 100
Skor maksimal
2. Rubrik Penilaian Aspek Pengetahuan
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi Bentuk Penilaian Jenis Instrumen Instrumen/Soal
1. Mengidentifikasi kosa kata yang terkait dengan topik pemaparan jati diri secara individual dengan memperhatikan unsur kebahasaan

2. Melengkapi ungkapan perkenalan diri yang tersedia dalam bentuk bubble dengan memperhatikan kosakata berdasarkan topik introduction my self. Lisan

Tulisan Short answer, dan performance.

Various Answer • Listen to your teacher and repeat after him/her
• Please practice with your classmates using the expressions below
• Let me introduce myself use the clues below

• Kriteria Penilaian Aspek Pengetahuan
NO Butir Sikap Nilai
1. Kosakata (vocabulary) 5 = sangat variatif dan tepat
4 = variatif dan tepat
3 = cukup variatif dan tepat
2 = kurang variatif dan tepat
1 = tidak variatif dan tepat
2. Kelancaran (fluency) 5 = sangat lancar
4 = lancar
3 = cukup lancar
2 = kurang lancar
1 = tidak lancer
3. Pengucapan (pronunciation) 5 = hampir sempurna
4 = ada beberapa kesalahan namun tidak mengganggu makna
3 = ada beberapa kesalahan dan mengganggu makna
2 = banyak kesalahan dan mengganggu makna
1 = terlalu banyak kesalahan dan mengganggu makna
4. Intonasi (Intonation) 5 = hampir sempurna
4 = ada beberapa kesalahan namun tidak mengganggu makna
3 = ada beberapa kesalahan dan mengganggu makna
2 = banyak kesalahan dan mengganggu makna
1 = terlalu banyak kesalahan dan mengganggu makna
5. Pilihan Kata (diction) 5 = sangat tepat
4 = tepat
3 = cukup tepat
2 = kurang tepat
1 = tidak tepat
6. Pemahaman (understanding) 5 = sangat paham
4 = paham
3 = cukup paham
2 = kurang paham
1 = tidak paham
• Rubrik penilaian:
No Nama Item Penilaian
Kosakata Kelancaran Pengucapan Intonasi Pilihan Kata Pemahaman

• Pedoman Penilaian

Skor perolehan
Nilai siswa = x 100
Skor maksimal

3. Aspek Penilaian Keterampilan
Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi Bentuk Penilaian Jenis Instrumen Instrumen/Soal
Mempraktekkan cara memeperkenalkan diri secara benar sesuai topic introducing myself dengan memperhatikan fungsi social, struktur teks, danunsur kebahasaan. Lisan Performance Now, please introduce yourself in front of the class.

• Kriteria Penilaian Aspek Pengetahuan
NO Butir Sikap Nilai
1. Tujuan Komunikatif 5 = sangat memahami
4 = memahami
3 = cukup memahami
2 = kurang memahami
1 = tidak memahami
2. Pilihan Kosakata 5 = sangat variatif dan tepat
4 = variatif dan tepat
3 = cukup variatif dan tepat
2 = kurang variatif dan tepat
1 = tidak variatif dan tepat
3. Pilihan Tata Bahasa 5 = sangat tepat
4 = tepat
3 = cukup tepat
2 = kurang tepat
1 = tidak tepat
• Rubrik Penilaian
No Nama Item Penilaian
Tujuan Komunikatif Pilihan Kosakata Pilihan Tata Bahasa

• Pedoman Penilaian

Skor perolehan
Nilai siswa = x 100
Skor maksimal

 

kata mutiara dalam bahasa korea

19 May 2015 12:05:19 Dibaca : 7636

Kata-Kata Mutiara Dalam Bahasa Korea

회망은 꿈이 아니라 꿈을 실현하는 방법이다 hweimangeun kkumi anira kkumel silhyeonhaneun bangbeobida = Harapan bukanlah impian, tetapi jalan membuat impian menjadi nyata
진짜 위험한 것은 아무것도 하지 않은 것이다 jinjja wiheomhan goseun amugeotdo haji aneun geosida = Kesalahan terbesar adalah tidak melakukan suatu tindakan apapun
큰 꿈을 꾸어라. 오직 큰꿈만이 사람들의 영혼을 움직일수 있는 힘을 갖는다 kheun kummeul kkueora. Ojik kheunkkummani saramdeuleui yeonghoneul umjigilsu itneun himeul gajneunda = impikan impian yang besar. Hanya impian yang besarlah yang dapat memberikan kekuatan untuk bergerak pada hati seseorang
99 번 시도하고 실괘했으나 100 번 째에 성공이 찾아 왔다 gusibgu beon sidohago silgwaehaessena baek beon jaee seonggongi chaja watda = Saya sudah berusaha 99 kali dan selalu gagal, tetapi pada ke 100 kalinya mendapatkan kesuksesan
승자는 결코 시도하길 멈추지 않는다 seungjaneun gyeolkho sidohagil meomchuji annenda = Seorang pemenang tidak akan pernah berhenti berusaha
출발하게 만드는 힘이 ‘동기’ 라면, 계속 나이가게 만드는 힘은 ‘습관’ 이다 chulbalhage mandeuneun himi 'donggi' ramyeon, gyesok naigage mandeuneun himeun 'seubgwan' ida = motivasi adalah yang memberikan suatu awalan, kebiasaan adalah yang menjaga dalam melangkah
당신의 생각이 당신의 말이 되고, 당신의 말이 당신의 행동이 되며, 당신의 행동이 당신의 습관이 되고, 당신의 습관이 당신의 품성이 되며, 당신의 품성이 당시의 운명이 된다 dangsineui saenggagi dangsineui mari dweigo, dangsineui mari dangsineui haengdongi dweimyeo, dangsineui haengdongi dangsineui seubgwani dweigo, dangsineui seubgwani dangsineui phumseongi dweimyeo, dangsineui phumseongi dangsineui unmyeongi dweinda = pemikiranmu menjadi katamu, katamu menjadi tindakanmu , tindakanmu menjadi kebiasaanmu, kebiasaanmu menjadi karaktermu, karaktermu menjadi nasibmu
하는 것만으로는 충분하지 않다. 적용해야만 한다. 자발적 의지만으로는 충분하지 않다. 실행해야만 한다 haneun gotmaneuroneun chungbunhaji anda. jeokyonghaeyaman handa. jabaljeok euijimaneuroneun chungbunhaji anda. silhaenghaeyamanhanda = Mengetahui saja tidaklah cukup , kita harus menerapkanya. akan bertindak tidaklah cukup, kita harus bertindak
무엇이라도 꿈을 꿀 수 있다면 그것을 실행하는 것 역시 가능하다 mueosirado kkumeul kkul su itdamyeon gegeoseul silhaenghaneun geot yeoksi ganeunghada = Jika kamu bisa memimpikan itu, kamu bisa melakukanya
내일이 곧 지금이다 naeiri god jigeumida = Besok adalah sekarang
삺의 위대한 끝은 지식이 아니라 행동이다 salpeui widaehan kketeun jisigi anira haengdongida = Akhiran yang besar dalam hidup bukanlah pengetahuan, tetapi tindakan
세상을 움직이려면, 먼저 나 자신을 움직여야 한다 sesangeul umjigiryeomyeon, meonjeo na jasineul umjigyeoya handa = Untuk menggerakkan dunia, terlebih dahulu kita harus menggerakkan diri kita
꿈을 꿀 수 있다면 행동할 수 있고, 행동할 수 있다면 원하는 대로 될 수 있다 kkumeul kkul su itdamyeon haengdonghal su itgo, haengdonghal su itdamyeon wonhaneun daero dweil su itda = jika bisa memimpikanya, bisa melakukanya, dan jika bisa melakukanya, bisa menjadikanya nyata
자질은 행위가 아니라 습성이다 jajireun haengwiga anira seubseongida = Kualitas bukanlah pada tindakan, tetapi pada kebiasaan
기억하라. 뭔가 다른 결과를 원한다면 뭔가 다른 일을 해야 한다는 것을 gieokhara. mweonga dareun gyeolgwareul wonhandamyeon mwonga dareun ireul haeya handaneun goseul = Ingat ! Jika ingin hasil yang berbeda, lakukan sesuatu yang berbeda.
삺의 질은 당신의 습관에 의해 결정 된다 salpheui jireun dangsineui seubgwane euihae gyeoljeong dweinda = Kebiasaan anda akan menentukan kualitas hidup anda
행동이 반드시 행복을 안겨주지 않을지는 몰라도 행동 없는 행복이란 없다 haengdongi bandeusi haengbokgeul angyeojuji aneuljineun mollado haengdong eobneun haengbokiran obda = Tindakan mungkin tidak membawa kebahagiaan, tetapi tanpa tindakan tidaklah bahagia
위대한 것을 성취하려면 행동할 뿐 아니라 꿈을 뀌야 하며 계획할 뿐 아니라 믿어야 한다 widaehan geoseul seongchwiharyeomyeon haengdonghal pun anira kkumeul kwiya hamyeo gyehweikhal pun anira mideoya handa = Untuk menyelesaikan sesuatu yang besar, tidak hanya harus dengan tindakan, tetapi juga impian. Tidak hanya suatu rencana, tetapi harus percaya
최상의 성공은 행복이다 chweisangeui seonggongeun haengbokida = Kebahagiaan adalah level tertinggi pada kesuksesan
당신 자신을 믿어라, 그러면 그 무엇도 당신을 막지 못할 것이다 dangsin jasineul mideora, geureomyeon geu mueotdo dangsineul makji mothal gosida = Percaya pada dirimu sendiri, dan kamu tidak akan terhentikan
더 빠르고 더 강한 자가 삺의 전투에서 늘 이기는 것은 이니다. 이길 수 있다고 생각하는 자가 승리를 거머쥐는 것이다 deo pareugo deo ganghan jaga salpheui jeonthueseo neul igineun geoseun inida. igil su itdago saenggakhaneun jaga seungrireul geomeojwineun geosida = Kehidupan tak selalu sebuah peperangan siapa lebih cepat melesat, ialah orang yang kuat. Orang yang menang adalah orang yang berfikir dirinya bisa
할 수 있다고 생각하기 시작할 때 사람들은 실로 놀랄 만한 면모를 드러낸다. 스스로를 믿을 때라야 성공의 첫 번째 비겨를 갖게 되는 것이다 hal su itdago saenggakhagi sijakhal ddae saramdeuleun sillo nollal manhan myeonmoreul deureonaenda. seuseuroreul mideul ddaeraya seonggongeui cheot beonjjae bigyeoreul gatge dweineun geosida = Orang menjadi benar benar sangat luar biasa ketika mereka mulai berfikir bahwa mereka bisa melakukan sesuatu. Ketika mereka mempercayai diri sendiri, mereka mendapatkan rahasia sukses pertama
가지고 있다고 믿어라 그러면 가지게 될 것이다 gajigo itdago mideora geureomyeon gajige dweil geosida = Percayalah kamu mendapatkanya, dan kamu akan mendapatkanya
만약 당신의 삺을 장려한 이야기로 만들고 싶다면, 당신 자신이 작가이며 날마다 새로운 페이지를 쓸 기회가 있음을 깨닫는 것으로 시작하라. manyak dangsineui salpheul jangryeohan iyagiro mandeulgo sipdamyeon, dangsin jasini jaggaimyeo nalmada saeroun pheijireul sseul gihweiga isseumeul ggaedadneun geoseuro sijakhara = Jika kamu ingin hidupmu menjadi kisah agung, maka mulailah dengan merealisasikan bahwa kamu adalah author dan setiap hari kamu mempunyai kesempatan untuk menulis pada lembaran baru
믿어라. 그러면 마법이 따를 것이다 mideora. gereomyeon mabeobi ddareul geosida = Percayalah ! dan keajaiban akan mengikuti
스스로에게 물어보라. ” 난 지금 무언가를 변화사킬 준비가 되었는가? ” seuseuroege mureobora. "nan jigeum mueongareul byeonhwasakhil junbiga dweieotnenga" = Tanyakan pada diri kamu ! ” Apakah saya sekarang siap melakukan suatu perubahan?
우리의 의도가 우리의 현시를 만든다 urieui euidoga urieui hyeonsireul mandeunda = Niat kita menciptakan realita kita
행복은 원하는 것을 얻는 게 아니라 이미 가진 것을 원하는 것이다. haengbokeun wonhaneun geoseul eodneun ge anira imi gajin geoseul wonhaneun geosida = kebahagiaan bukanlah mendapatkan apa yang kau inginkan, tetapi menginginkan apa yang kau dapat
높은 기대치야말로 모든 것의 열쇠다 nopheun gidaechiyamallo modeun geoseui yeolsweida = Harapan yang tinggi adalah kunci dari segalanya
우리가 정복하는 것은 산이 아니라 우리 자신이다 uriga jeongbokhaneun geoseun sani anira uri jasinida = Bukanlah gunung yang menjadi peghalang kita, tetapi diri kita sendiri
크게 생각할 때 성과도 크게 마련이다 kheuge saenggakhalddae seonggwado kheuge maryeonida = Ketika kamu berfikir besar, hasilmu adalah besar
32. 내가 힘들 땐 단신이 나를 위로해 주세요 ( naega himdeul ttaen dansini nareul wirohae juseyo )
Saat aku letih, aku mohon kau melipurku

33. 아니 ! 그냥 옆에 있어 주세요! 떠나가지 말고…..( ani ! geunyang yeope isseo juseyo! tteonagaji malgo…..)
emm…tidak, hanya di sampingku saja, janganlah kau pergi

34. 당신이 살아서 함께 있는 것만로 충분 합니다 ( dangsini saraseo hamkke inneun geotmanno chungbun hamnida )
Engkau hidup bersamaku itu saja, sudah cukup bagiku

35. 나도 언제나 당신 곁에 머물러 당신에게 위로가 되겠습니다 ( nado eonjena dangsin gyeote meomulleo dangsinege wiroga doegessseumnida)
Dan aku, kapanpun akan bersemayam di sisimu yang akan menjadi pelipur lara hatimu.

36. 사람이 사람에게 위로 입니다 ( sarami saramege wiro imnida )
Manusia adalah pelipur lara bagi orang lain

37. 따뜻한 관심이 말 한마디가 사람을 살리는 위로가 됩니다 ( ttatteutan gwansimi mal hanmadiga sarameul sallineun wiroga doemnida )
Uungkapan kata kepedulian yang hangat menjadi pelipur lara yang membangkitkan orang lain
지금 우리에겐 위로가 필요 합니다 ( jigeum uriegen wiroga pillyo hamnida )
Sekarang kita butuh sang pelipur lara.

38. 웃음은 가장 아름다운 보석 입니다 ( useumeun gajang areumdaun boseok imnida ) ”
senyuman adalah permata terindah”.

39. 웃은 마음을 치료하는 보약 입니다 ( useun maeumeul chiryohaneun boyak imnida )
Senyuman adalah obat yang menyembuhkan hati.

40. 말소리는 달라도 웃음소리는 같고, ( malsorineun dallado useumsorineun gatgo, )
Walaupun suara ( bahasa ) yang berbeda, namun suara tawa itu tetap sama

41. 생긴것은 달라도 웃는 모습은 같고, ( saenggingeoseun dallado utneun moseubeun gatgo,)
Walaupun ketampanannya berbeda, namun penampilan senyum sama juga

42. 피부색은 달라도 웃의 색깔은 같습니다( pibusaegeun dallado usui saekkkareun gatseumnida )
Walaupun warna kulit berbeda warna senyuman itu tetap sama.

43. 남듣처럼 … 그사람들 처럼 되고 싶어서” ( nam deul cheoreom..saram deul cheoreom dwego shipeoyo)
seperti orang lain…. saya ingin menjadi seperti mereka .

44; 최선을 다하는 것이 최고가 되는 것보다 더 중요하다( choeseoneul dahaneun geosi choegoga doeneun geotboda deo jungyohada )
Berbuat yang terbaik itu lebih penting daripada menjadi yang terbaik.

45. 미안하다는말을 하지마 ( mian handaneun marel hajima )
janganlah mengucap kata maaf

46. 그대의 두눈에 흐르는 눈물을 볼수없어 ( kedaeui dunune heureuneun nun mureul bulsu eopseo )
Aku tak bisa melihat air matamu yang mengalir di dua matamu.

47. 고마워 그대를 사랑할수 있어서 ,하지만 못다한 사랑에 내맘이 아파.. ( gomawo geudaereul sarang halsuiseoseo hajiman muttahan sarange nae mami apa, )
Terima kasih aku telah bisa mencintaimu,tetapi ketidak mampuanku menjaga cinta itu membuat
hatiku sakit

via: http://kimhyunmiisheuk.blogspot.com/

essay writing

19 May 2015 12:03:07 Dibaca : 202


1) Social and enviroment inpact of palm oil
Summary: this article to discuse abou inpact od palm oil, Water pollution
In some states where oil palm is established, lax enforcement of environmental legislation leads to encroachment of plantations into riparian strips,[29] and release of pollutants such as (POME) in the environment More environment-friendly practices have been developed
Critik :this article ist good.
2) Enviromental demaged
Summary: one of the major reasons for the pollution of the environment is the uncontrolled use of automobiles. If individuals can make a conscious effort to change their lifestyle, by cutting down the use of private cars and using public transport, it would substantially reduce the burning of fossil fuels. In other words, serious attempts could be made by individuals to travel to work regularly by buses and trains, which are cheap and
Critik :

TOP 10 Causes Of Environmental Damage
@YouthKiAwaaz Jan 21, 2012
By Rishin Mukherjee:
From the immense amount of propaganda that goes around in the media these days, it is clear that there is a lot of environmental degradation all around us. Such is the depth of the situation that conferences are being held every year, and new tools like CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) and Carbon credits are being created to prevent further damage and to encourage protection of the environment. But what exactly is going wrong? What is it that creates all this fuss? Look no further, if you find anything familiar from the following then you might want to think again!

Top ten causes for The Environmental Damage
1) High quantity of Exhaust gases: The biggest reason by far for all kinds of environmental degradation is the exorbitant amount of gases, harmful to the environment, which is released by the various industries. Prime amongst these gases are C02, S02 and NH3. Of course there are many more, and these are the main culprits for ozone holes and global warming.
2) Deforestation: Close second comes the deforestation all over the world, to harness forest resources, to clear land, for wood and for various other reasons. Deforestation causes major problems for one simple reason; it decreases the number of trees, which clean the environment, provide oxygen and also affect rain patterns. This is the major reason why there are calls for tree plantation; it is to make up for this loss.
3) High number of industries such as mining: Mining creates a lot of pollution, mainly because it releases particulate matter, which qualifies as Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM); the particulate matter which can enter our lungs and can harm the entire respiratory system. This form causes the most direct harm to humans, also particulate matter can come from indoor pollution, as can be seen in cooking on traditional ‘choolahs’ and cottage industries like ‘bangle-making’.
4) Chemical effluents: Effluents are another by-product of industries which poses threat to the environment, leather and tanning industries, petroleum industries and chemical manufacturing industries create major waste products which are released directly into nearby streams without treatment, creating river pollution and causing harm to aquatic life.
5) Transport: As the spending power of the population increases and as cars become available more, the number of vehicles on the road increases. The amount has grown exponentially in countries like India, Brazil and China and this is a point form of pollution which directly affects humans. Smog is a nuisance that is created because of vehicular pollution, and Hydro-Carbons released from engines are the cause of creation of lower level ozone that is harmful to humans.
6) Unprecedented Construction: Urban Heat Island is a direct cause of the unprecedented construction activities that are being carried out right now, and urban heat island causes trapping of pollutants. Urban Heat island is an effect caused due to trapping of solar radiation by concrete and cement which are materials which trap heat extremely well. Construction causes removal of vegetative cover which usually allows for better exchange of heat. This heat island effect causes constricted circulation of air, which traps pollutants released in urban areas and does not allow for mixing of the air, thus decreasing the air quality.
7) Secondary Pollutants: Secondary pollutants are ones that are not directly emitted; however they get created when primary pollutants react amongst themselves. Major amongst them is the creation of ozone from reaction between non-burnt Hydrocarbons and Nitrous Oxides. There are various other secondary pollutants and the reaction between these pollutants cause reactions that lead to formation of ozone holes. Stratospheric clouds are the main reaction sites for such pollutants.
8 ) Ruinous agricultural policies: Overloading the land with fertilizers, overgrazing and shifting agriculture are ruinous agricultural policies that degrade land, creating soil erosion that leads to silting in major rivers and reservoirs. Soil degradation is a continuous cycle and it ultimately leads to desertification and degradation of land quality by allowing the direct action of eroding agents on cultivable land.
9) The Population Explosion: The increasing population creates a load that the entire environment has to support, not only in terms of food and lodging, but also in terms of the amount of waste that it generates and the ability of the environment to sustain this growth. All major activities are carried out to support this growing population, and whilst this is unavoidable, what is required is the proper planning that should come with this explosion.
10) Unplanned Land-use policies: Land models are available these days which help in proper planning and use of land resources. However, failure to use these models and land management policies can lead to land pollution and degradation of the worst kind. Extraction from mines renders them unusable for habitation and if rehabilitation work is not carried out, the piece of land is sure to lo.
Summary: ada 10 causes of environmental Damage is 1) High quantity of Exhaust gases, 2) Deforestation,3)High number of industries such as mining,4) Chemical effluents,5) Transport,6) ) Unprecedented Construction,7) Secondary Pollutants, 8) ) Ruinous agricultural policies,8)Ruinous agricultural policies,9) The Population Explosion,10) Unplanned Land-use policies
Critik : This article be related to my article because to discuse about causes of enviromental
3) Enviromental compleance and enforcement in indonesia assessment
Summary:
Critik :
4) Environmental Problem in Indonesia
Summary:
Critik :

Opsi Title:
1) Enviromental demaged
2) Environmental Problem
3) Tree Ways to Prevant Demaged to the Environment

. Damaged Environment in Indonesia caused by human activity

Introduction
The Damaged Environment in Indonesia by the caused by human activity. (Present data) pollution, pollution in Indonesia occurred Because fumes and smoke from factories, for example, air pollution caused by from factories in tolangohula PT PG Gorotalo, the air in the district hotter in comparison with other districts in illegal lodging, illegal login Excessive exploitation of sda, protected forests were protected forests example bargain and Nantu because there is a massive decision agate, even though the command has been urged not to destroy the forest, there is still some damage, However, i think, there are some things the environmental cause damage in the first in Indonesia items, namely: littering, both water pollution, deforestation third, fourth combustion Forest, This essay would like to dibiscuss about the Demaged Enviroment in indonesia caused by human activity.

Effect demaged Enviroment
The firtsly effect of the Damaged environment in Indonesia is littering,garbage disposal into the bad habit of society without regard to its adverse effects,such as waste disposal in the gutter when every day throwing garbage in the gutter can cause flooding.
Littering much happening in Indonesia, even though they already know the result, but they still littering, such as occurs in many Gorontalo city sewers clogged gutter trash and stiap times torrential rain in Gorontalo city that there must be a flood, and the public remains Just throw litter, whereas the effect of their actions intense dangerous, although there are police officers or soldiers who sometimes come to work cleaning the channels they remain unconscious as well, there is still some trash in other gutter.example are in red maroon campus UNG , many students littering though have been provided dustbins still no littering.
The secondly environment is demaged Effect of water pollution, water pollution talking about this very closely related to garbage littering because it can pollute the water especially in waste in the river, in addition to trash affluent mill can also pollute water, water that has been exposed to sewage plant is not could in use by humans for their daily needs, and can also lead to fish in the river died, because plant waste containing hazardous chemicals, for example waste plant in Tolngohula that in the waste into the river, so it is most rivers around plant has been contaminated by sewage plant, another example of the waste plant in the district natadecoco bualemo, sewage plant in river carelessly waste water around the plant is contaminated by sewage plant, finally people already can not use the water and also fish in the liver died.

Thirdly Ilegal logging,ilegal logging now it has gotten worse in Gorontalo alone was about 3.084.68 hectares of mangrove forests were damaged, as many are doing illegal gold mining and nominally using a excavator. The data mentioned mangrove destruction, the worst damage in the district Pohuwato, reaching 1836.75 hectares of mangrove forests are damaged. Average damage mangrove as intentional, since converted into a pond by a number of residents. More details about the damage that was part forests.condition also somewhat serious damage because the average forest bare, other examples are in the Nawar and Nantu forest, the forest is a protected in Gorontalo, now there is some damage in the forest among decision agate which in 2015 is more lively in society, many people in there forest and the forest was damaged as a result, when the forest was protected forest in Gorontalo and in the forest there is a wide variety of flora and fauna.
Conclution
Deforestation in Indonesia due to human activities are not responsible for the environmental damage that effect enviromental of them littering, water pollution and illegal login, environmental damage and it should be stopped and updated with improvements in the environment and way of life that damaging the environment, and they also need to know the dangers of the environment that has been damaged.

References

Bibliography
Alonso, S. W. (2012). Supply and Demand.
Bratcher, R. (2010). Tree Ways to Prevant Demaged to the Environment.
Elsevier. (2006, Desember). Marine Pollution Bulletin. Jurnarl Article , 1-21.
Fristikawati, Y. (1997). Liability on Environmental Damage from Nuclear Activity in Indonesia.
J.Galin, J. (n.d.). Environmental Demaged Liability Management.
Jonshon. (2012, Apryl 21). Enviromental demaged.
Len. (2013, january). Reducing global environmental damage.
Mukherjee, R. (2012, january). TOP 10 Causes Of Environmental Damage.
States, T. a. (2008, November). Enviromental compleance and enforcement in indonesia assessment. assessment , 1-34.
SUNARYO, T. (1985). Environmental Problem in Indonesia. Review , 1-6.

 

material about literure

12 March 2014 22:07:11 Dibaca : 865
WHAT IS LITERATURE?

 

According to Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary, literature is “written artistic works especially those with a high and lasting artistic value”. It can be said that literature is a written works that used special or certain ways in producing it. Literature was made by human. Human can express everything in their mind in order to create a good and interesting literary works. They can re-present real human life, creating fiction story to entertain the reader, and so on. As stated by Hardjana, in his book Kritik Sastra:

 

“ Sastra sebagai pengungkapan baku dari apa yang telah disaksikan orang tentang kehidupan, apa yang telah dipermenungkan, dan dirasakan orang mengenai segi-segi kehidupan yang paling menarik minat secara langsung lagi kuat. Pada hakekatnya adalah suatu pengungkapan kehidupan lewat bentuk bahasa” (Hardjana, 1991: 10).

 

 

 

The writer or the author have a purpose when they create literary works. It could be a funny story, tragedy, folklore, etc. It depends on their imagination. In creating a literary work the author or the writer should know about how to create a good literary work. They should know about how to develop a theme into a good arrangement of story. It was supported by the choices of words, setting, plot, point of view, background of the story, the characterization, and the message that would be share to the reader. All of them are included in instrinsic elements of literature. In the other hand, intrinsic elements of literature can help the reader in understanding more about the literature works itself. Unconsciously when they read one of the literary work, they will try to gained what is going to say by the author.

 

The students are asked to write a literary analysis in order to make them aware and know well about how and why poem, drama, novel or play was written. Before analyzing a literature, the students should remember that the author have a reason or purpose in creating a literary works. Therefore when they make an essay related to the literary works, they should focus on what the author’s thingking, give the explanation about that idea, and gain more deeper about that idea of creating literary works. Another way to analyze a literary works is using the students’ own perspective. Rather than thinking about the author’s intentions, the students can develop an argument based on any intrinsic elements (or combination of terms) listed below. 

 

 

 

 

 

A.    INTRINSIC ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE

 

 

 

1.      Character

 

According to Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary, Character is “ the particular combination of qualities in a person or place that makes them different from others”. That meaning is related to the quality of someone. In a story the meaning of character according to Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary is a person represented in a film, play, or story. Not only in the story but also in everyday live, character development also happen to every people as the main character in their everyday live. Character development is the change that a character undergoes from the beginning of a story to the end. Character can be main, secondary or third. In a literary work a character is developed by (1) action; (2) speech; (3) appearance; (4) Other character's comments. It means that, other characters' comments help form judgment of the characters by supporting other characters' actions speech, appearance, and author's comments; (5) Author's comments: The wording the author uses in the narrative adds to characterization; (6) Unity of character and action: the character must be credible. If the character changes then the change must be shaped by events which the author is obligated to explain how they impacted to create the character's change.

 

Types of characters:

 

a.         Protagonist

 

·         Central character

 

·         Person on whom action centers

 

·         Character who pushes the action forward

 

·         Character who attempts to accomplish something

 

·         Usually seen as a good person or hero/heroine

 

·         Usually round and dynamic

 

b.        Antagonist

 

·         Character or force that holds the action back

 

·         Character who wants something in opposition to the protagonist

 

·         Usually seen as a bad person/force or villain

 

c.         Minor character

 

·         Often provides support and illuminates the protagonist.

 

·         Character who is a contrast or opposite to the protagonist

 

·         Character who emphasizes or highlights the traits of the protagonist

 

d.        Characterization - The choices an author makes to reveal a character’s personality, such as appearance, actions, dialogue, and motivations.  

 

 

 

Characters are described as being round or flat.

 

a.         Round Character:

 

·           Well-developed

 

·           Has many traits, both good and bad

 

·           Not easily defined because we know many details about the character

 

·           Realistic and life-like

 

·           Most major characters are round

 

·           "The test of a round character is whether it is capable of surprising in a convincing way.

 

b.        Flat character:

 

·            Not well-developed

 

·           Does not have many traits

 

·           Easily defined in a single sentence because we know little about the

 

character

 

·           Sometimes stereotyped

 

·           Most minor characters are flat

 

 

 

 

 

Character change:

 

a.         Dynamic characters are rounded characters that change.

 

·         Undergoes an important change in personality in the story

 

·         Comes to some sort of realization that permanently changes the

 

·         character

 

·         A change occurs within the character because of the events of the story

 

·         The protagonist is usually dynamic, but not always

 

 

 

b.        Static (stock) characters are round or flat characters that do not change during the story.

 

·         Remains the same throughout the story

 

·         Although something may happen to the character, it does not cause the

 

·         character to change

 

·         Minor characters are usually static

 

Allegory - narrative form in which the characters are representative of some larger humanistic trait (i.e. greed, vanity, or bravery) and attempt to convey some larger lesson or meaning to life. Although allegory was originally and traditionally character based, modern allegories tend to parallel story and theme.

 

·           William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily- the decline of the Old South

 

·           Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde- man’s struggle to contain his inner primal instincts

 

·           District 9- South African Apartheid

 

·           X Men- the evils of prejudice

 

·           Harry Potter- the dangers of seeking “racial purity”

 

 

 

2.      Plot

 

According to Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary, a plot means “ the story of a film, book, play, etc”. Plot is the order in which things move and happen in a story. the plot is the arrangement of ideas and/or incidents that make up a story. We can say that, the story have good chronological order only if the story relates events in the order in which they happened.   Meanwhile, if the story moves back in time, it was called as Flashback. In a literary work, whether it is short story, novel, or drama conflict occur when the protagonist was starting to have a problem or struggling against an antagonist. The pattern of action are:

 

a.          Foreshadowing is when the writer clues the reader in to something that will eventually occur in the story; it may be explicit (obvious) or implied (disguised). According to , eHow Contributor Foreshadowing is a literary tool filmmakers adapt to provide early clues about where the plot is headed. It is a storytelling technique that, when used skillfully, gets viewers involved and thinking about the plot unfolding before them because they are picking up hints about what may soon happen.

 

b.        Suspense - The tension that the author uses to create a feeling of discomfort about the unknown

 

c.         Conflict - Struggle between opposing forces. Conflict/Plot may be internal or external and is best seen in (1) Man in conflict with another Man: (2) Man in conflict in Nature; (3) Man in conflict with self.

 

d.        Exposition - Background information regarding the setting, characters, plot.

 

e.         Rising Action - The process the story follows as it builds to its main conflict

 

f.         Crisis - A significant turning point in the story that determines how it must end

 

g.        Resolution/Denouement - The way the story turns out.

 

Types of plots

 

a.          Progressive plots: have a central climax followed by denouement.

 

b.        Episodical plots: have one incident or short episode linked to another by a common character or unifying theme (maybe through chapters). Used by authors to explore character personalities, the nature of their existence, and the flavor of a certain time period.

 

Structure (fiction) - The way that the writer arranges the plot of a story.

 

 

 

3.       Setting

 

What is meant by setting is “ the time and the place in which the action of a book, film, play, etc. Happen”. The author will probably develop their idea in order to create a good literary work. Of course in this process of writing, the author will seriously found the suitable setting for their story. The setting provides the historical and cultural context for characters. It often can symbolize the emotional state of characters. There are six kind of setting:

 

a.       Backdrop setting is when the setting is unimportant for the story and the story could take place in any setting. Winnie-the-Pooh by A. A. Milne is an example of a story in which could happen in any setting.

 

 

 

b.      Integral setting is when the action, character, or theme are influenced by the time and place, setting. Controlling setting controls characters. If you confine a character to a certain setting it defines the character. Characters, given these circumstances, in this time and place, behave in this way.

 

 

 

c.       Functions of setting: The Witch of Blackbird Pond by Elizabeth Speare creates a setting of Puritanical austerity: hand-rubbed copper, indicating hard work, the heavy fortress-like door, the dim little mirror, the severe wooden bench, the unpainted Meeting House, the whipping post, the pillory, and the stocks. The tasks of a typical day performed by Kit: mixing soap with a stick, the lye fumes stinging her eyes, tiring muscles, with one of the easiest tasks: making corn pudding, which keeps her over a smoky fire with burning and watering eyes. A frightening and uncompromising environment compared to her carefree Barbados upbringing.

 

d.      Setting as antagonist: Characters must resolve conflict created by the setting:.

 

e.       Setting that illuminates character: The confining setting of the attic in Anne Frank and Flowers in the Attic help the characters find themselves and grow as individuals.

 

f.       Setting as symbolism: a symbol is a person, place, object, situation, or action which operates on two levels of meaning, the literal and the figurative, or suggestive. Children will understand only obvious symbols. Forest: unknown; garden: natural beauty; sunlight: hope, goodness; darkness: evil, despair. A grouping of symbols may create an image called an allegory. The Narnia books by C. S. Lewis are allegories.

 

 

 

 

 

4.      Theme

 

A theme is the main point of a story. The theme is an idea, that convey what will happen in that literary works, who is an actor, how is the condition of that actor, what will be a problems in that literary works, how to solved it, etc. It can be said that theme is all of the thing that dealt with the story from the beginning to end. The idea of theme usually came from human real life or fiction. Without a theme, an author or writer cannot create or arrange good literary works. According to Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary, “a theme is the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc”. It can be said that the theme is the idea of the author that developed into a story. There are 3 kinds of theme:

 

a.      Explicit theme is when the writer states the theme openly and clearly. Primary explicit themes are common in children's literature, as the author wants to be sure the reader finds it.

 

b.      Implicit themes are implied themes. If two such unlikely animals as a spider and pig can be friends, then so can we. Even a Tempelton can be a friend to a degree. Friendship is giving of ones self, as Wilbur did for the egg sac and devotion to the babies. Best friends can do no wrong. Friendship is reciprocal.

 

c.       Multiple and secondary themes: Since a story speaks to us on our own individual level of varying experiences, many individual themes will be obtained from a good piece of literature. Charlotte's Web secondary themes could include: People don't give credit where credit is due, Youth and innocence have a unique value, Be what you are, There is beauty in all things, Nature is a miracle, Life is continuous.

 

 

 

5.      Point of view

 

Point of view is determined by the authors' descriptions of characters, setting, and events told to the reader throughout the story. They are:

 

a.       Narrator - The person telling the story who may or may not be a character in the story.

 

b.       First-person - Narrator participates in action but sometimes has limited knowledge/vision.

 

c.        Second person - Narrator addresses the reader directly as though she is part of the story. (i.e. “You walk into your bedroom.  You see clutter everywhere and…”)

 

d.       Third Person (Objective) - Narrator is unnamed/unidentified (a detached observer). Does not assume character's perspective and is not a character in the story. The narrator reports on events and lets the reader supply the meaning.

 

e.        Omniscient - All-knowing narrator (multiple perspectives). The narrator knows what each character is thinking and feeling, not just what they are doing throughout the story.  This type of narrator usually jumps around within the text, following one character for a few pages or chapters, and then switching to another character for a few pages, chapters, etc. Omniscient narrators also sometimes step out of a particular character’s mind to evaluate him or her in some meaningful way.

 

 

 

6.      Style

 

Style is how the author says something, the choice of words and the use of language, sentence construction, imagery not what the author says. It adds significance and impact to the author's writing.  In literary works, exposition is the narrator or the third person passages who provide background information to explain story events. The choice of words and the use of language could be seen from the dialogue between characters. Meanwhile, vocabulary words that used in literary works are connotation and denotation. Connotation is the associative or emotional meaning of a word. Denotation is the dictionary meaning of a word. This two kinds of words are combined to add meaning.

 

Sentence structure

 

Literary works is created by the author in many purposes. It used imagery words to create mental sensory impressions (sights, sounds, textures, smells, and tastes). It creates setting, establishes mood, or describes characters. Some terms of sentence structure that used in literary works:

 

a.       Figurative language- the use of words to express meaning beyond the literal meaning of the words themselves

 

·         Metaphor - contrasting to seemingly unalike things to enhance the meaning of a situation or theme without using like or as   “You are the sunshine of my life”

 

·         Simile - contrasting to seemingly unalike things to enhance the meaning of a situation or theme using like or as  

 

“What happens to a dream deferred, does it dry up like a raisin in the sun”

 

·         Hyperbole- exaggeration

 

“I have a million things to do today”

 

·         Personification - giving non-human objects human characteristics

 

“America has thrown her hat into the ring, and will be joining forces with the British”

 

b.      Figure of speech is an expression used in a non literal context to add intensity of meaning.

 

c.       Understatement is the opposite of hyperbole.

 

d.      Allusion is a figure of speech that refers to something in our common understanding, our past or our literature. Allusion is difficult for children since it relies on background information which they often lack.

 

e.       Symbol is a person, object, situation, or action that operates on two levels of meaning, the literal and the figurative or suggestive. Dove: peace, flag: nationality of a country, handshake or gift: friendship.

 

f.       Puns or wordplay

 

Foot - grouping of stressed and unstressed syllables used in line or poem

 

·         Iamb - unstressed syllable followed by stressed

 

o    Made famous by the Shakespearian sonnet, closest to the natural rhythm of human speech

 

§  How do I love thee? Let me count the ways

 

·         Spondee - stressed stressed

 

o    Used to add emphasis and break up monotonous rhythm

 

§  Blood boil, mind-meld, well- loved

 

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you mom

28 August 2013 16:15:14 Dibaca : 128

you tought me hold

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